How to Set a Table Properly—From Casual to ‘The Crown’

Believe it or not, the holidays are coming back around. Yes, the holidays! And with them, comes a crash course in how to host again. Like, how much turkey are you supposed to prepare per person? With new family members or friends, what are you to do in the down time? What if you’re living in a small space and planning to entertain a larger crew? Oh, and how the heck is one supposed to set a table properly (so as not to appear uninformed or like you’re overdoing it)? Luckily, we’ve got all the answers to those Q’s and more. We’ll start with setting the table, though. 

Maybe you’re the kind of person who’s never really cared much how the table is set, but you’re interested in tackling a more involved situation than just passing around some plates and tossing utensils in communal cups (which, hey, it works!). You could also have a background in the fine dining industry, and you’re hoping to spruce up your old skills with a refresher course. Or perhaps, this is your first time hosting (and feeding!) a group beyond yourself and another person, and you’re looking to wow your guests with firm knowledge of where exactly the water glass is supposed to go. 

No matter where you fall on the spectrum—longstanding etiquette expert or cutlery placement novice—it’s always a good time for a brush-up on the basics of setting a table. Luckily, it’s really not too difficult to lay out your existing wares in a pleasing (and proper!) fashion, so read on for all the ways to set your table, from bare bones to straight out of an episode of The Crown. 

First, the ABCs of table setting: 

• Place the plates on the center of the placemat.
• Lay the napkin to the left of the plate, or get fancy with a fold—it's easier than you think. 
• Place flatware from the outside in, according to what you'll be using first (anyone who's seen Pretty Woman knows that one).
• Knives always sit to the right of the plates, and the blades always face in, toward the plate.
• The water glass sits above the knife, sort of where 1 o'clock would be on a clock face.
• The fork generally sits to the left of the plate, with, or placed on, the napkin. 
• Spoons always go to the right of knives.  

While these are the foundational guidelines for setting a table, it's important to remember to relax. Your table doesn't always need to look like it's jumped right out of a scene in Bridgerton. Often, we worry so much about getting every last detail right that we forget that when you invite guests over for a home-cooked meal, the last thing they're probably complaining about is how you set your table. 

Basic

The basic table setting is what most of us would use for weeknight dinners (that don't involve a TV dinner), or a weekend breakfast with the family. There's really no need for frills in this case, unless you want them.

The basic table setting includes:

• A dinner plate
• A fork to the left, a knife, and a spoon to the right
• A drinking glass over the knife, and a napkin to the left of the plate, or on it

If this is a casual weeknight affair, and you aren't serving a dish that requires a spoon, you can happily leave it off your table. If you like the idea of using placemats, these could upgrade your Wednesday dinners without getting too fussy.  

Informal

Maybe you're hosting a casual brunch for friends, or you're making a nice (but not that nice) dinner, and your menu includes a few courses. This is the informal setting you're looking for, according to these etiquette experts. Read into that what you will, because it looks pretty fancy to us. Essentially, you need to think of the informal setting as a built-up version of the casual setting. However, if the only upgrade from casual you're thinking of is that there's wine and an appetizer thrown in, subtract from this as you will. 

In this setting, you have: 

• A napkin resting where your dinner plate will go
• A salad fork and a dinner fork, arranged outside-in
• A soup spoon, if you're serving soup, a dessert spoon, and a dinner knife (yes, in that order, even though dessert comes after entrées). 
• A salad plate to the left of your forks
• The bread plate, with the appropriate knife, above the forks
• A water glass with a wine glass to its right
• A tea or coffee cup to the right of the wine glass

Formal

This is the setting for a holiday feast, or any other show-stopping meals you might want to serve. Let's pretend, in this case, that we're serving oysters, soup, salad, a fish course, and entrée. Traditionally, formal settings also forgo placemats, but that's up to you—some prefer to use a round placement under the charger.

One of the big additions to this setting is the use of a charger, or presentation plate, which is essentially a plate that no one eats from. While the charger does feel very formal, and traditonal etiquette dictates that it's a proper part of the formal table setting, we sometimes feel like it's just another dish to wash (and like they make more sense if you have Downton Abbey-style kitchen staff making and serving your meals). If you own chargers, though, and like using them, more power to you.

Your setting will need: 

• A charger, or service plate, resting under the plate your first course will be served in
• A salad fork, a fish fork, and a dinner fork
• An oyster fork (which is the only fork that sits to the right of the plate), a soup spoon, fish knife, and a dinner knife
• Bread plate and butter knife above the forks
• A water glass, a white wine glass, and a red wine glass
• If using a placecard, the most traditional is to center it to the plate, at the top

After each course, the associated plate or bowl is cleared to make room for the next, which takes the position of the previous. After dinner, dessert and coffee or tea will be served separately with the appropriate serveware, of course. Unless, you're entertaining at a palace, in which case dessert cutlery is always included in the setting, and is always above the plate. 

Going Rogue 

There are some rules, like knife blades facing the plate or arranging cutlery outside-in, that we try not to break but we're always open to new ideas that mix things up on the table-setting front. Here are some of ours:

• Breaking out the fine china is great, but so is showing off your creativity by mixing—and matching—different sets of china—just make sure they complement each other in color or pattern. A simple trick is to have one style for your basic place settings and mix it up with the accent pieces such as the salad and dessert plates. 

• Throw in some colorful glassware instead of sticking with a colorless glass palette.

• Mix vintage with new flatware for added juxtaposition.

• Add an elaborately folded napkin with a more traditional napkin ring, wrap it with a seasonal material, do something fun and have it pop up out of the glass, hang it off the table.

• Have fun with picking tablecloths and runners to add color and texture to your setting.

Now that we've got a better handle on setting tables for various occasions, we can safely focus on anticipating and avoiding other common entertaining mishaps.

How do you go rogue? Are there any rules you stick to, no matter what? Tell us in the comments! 

This article was updated in October 2021.